Economic Policy: Principles and Design

addition aims already analysis applied assumed balance of payments Bank called capital Central certain changes choice chosen coefficients complete complicated consequences considered contribution costs countries decisions definition demand depend desired determined direct discussed distribution economic policy effects efficiency elements employment equal equation equilibrium example exchange existence expenditure export expressed extent factors flow foreign function further given groups important income increase indicated indirect individual industries influence instruments interest introduced investment labour less marginal means method monetary national income nature needed obtained occur organization policy-makers possible present price level problem production quantitative reactions reasons reduction refer regulation relations represent sector short-term situation social solution spending structure supply taken targets taxes technical unit usually values variables various volume wage rates welfare