Economic Policy: Principles and Design

addition aims already analysis applied assumed balance of payments Bank called Central certain changes choice chosen coefficients complete complicated concerned consequences considerable considered contribution costs countries decisions definition demand depend desired determined direct discussed distribution economic policy effects elements employment equal equation equilibrium example exchange existence expenditure export expression extent factors flow foreign function given groups hence important income increase indicated indirect individual industries influence instruments interest introduced investment labour less marginal means methods monetary national income nature needed obtained occur organization policy-makers possible present price level problem production quantitative reactions reasons reduction refer regulation relations represent result sector short-term situation social solution spending structure supply taken targets taxes unit usually values variables various volume wage rates welfare