[XXXI.]

(June 11). The Guelfs and Ghibellines of Genoa unite to expel the tyrant Ubizzino Spinoli. (Vill. viii. 114.)

131 (Feb.). The Florentines, under King Robert's deputy, attack and defeat the Aretines and exiled Florentines under Uguccione della Faggiuola. (Vill. viii. 118.)

1310 (June-Sep.). Renewed operations of the Florentines against Arezzo, in defiance of the commands of the Emperor Henry VII that they should desist. (Vill. viii. 119-20.)

(June). The Guelfs are expelled from Venice. (Vill. ix. 2.)

(July). The Guelfs are expelled from Spoleto. (Vill, ix. 6.) 1310 (Aug.). The Florentines make alliances with King Robert and the Guelf cities of Tuscany and Lombardy in order to resist the Emperor's advance into Italy. The Pisans assist him with funds, and enable him to set out. (Vill. ix. 7.)

(Oct.). Henry VII crosses the Alps and arrives at Turin. (Vill. ix. 9.)

131 (Jan. 6). Henry VII is crowned with the iron crown at Milan, ambassadors from nearly every city of Italy, with the exception of Florence and her allies, being present. Pacification of Milan and the rest of Lombardy, most of the cities of which send subsidies. (Vill. ix. 9.)

(Feb. 11). Guidetto della Torre and his party, being opposed to the Emperor, are expelled from Milan. (Vill. ix. 11.)

(Feb. 20). Cremona, incited by Florence, rebels against Henry. (Vill. ix. II.) 1311. The Ghibellines of Brescia and Parma expel the Guelfs from those cities. Henry, to make peace, replaces the Guelfs in Brescia, and they, aided by the Florentines and Bolognese, expel the Ghibellines, and rebel against the Emperor. (Vill. ix. 11.)

(April). Henry besieges and takes Cremona and Vicenza. (Vill. ix. 14, 15.)

(April-June). The Florentines recall their Guelf exiles, and enroll the Guelfs of Tuscany in a league against the Emperor. (Vill. ix. 16, 17.)

(July). King Robert imprisons the leading Ghibellines of Forll, Faenza, Imola, and other towns of Romagna, and expels thence the exiled Tuscan Bianchi and Ghibellines. (Vill. ix. 18.)

(Sep. 16). The Emperor takes Brescia, razes its fortifications, and imposes a heavy fine, banishing 100 of the leading citizens. (Vill. ix. 20.) (Oct.) The Florentines and Lucchese fortify their frontiers against the approach of the Emperor. (Vill. ix. 21.)

(Oct. 21). Henry arrives in Genoa and makes peace between the opposing parties, reinstating Ubizzino Spinoli and his adherents. (Vill. ix. 24.) Henry sends envoys to Florence; the Floren tines refuse to receive them. (Vill. ix. 26.)

The Florentines send troops into Lunigiana to block the Emperor's road to Pisa. (Vill. ix. 27.) (Nov.). The Emperor threatens the Florentines with reprisals if they do not submit. (Vill. ix. 29.)

(Dec. 15). King Robert sends troops to the aid of the Florentines and Lucchese. (Vill. ix. 31.) The Guelfs of Brescia rebel against the

Emperor, but are expelled by Can Grande della
Scala. Parma and Reggio, aided by the
Florentines and Tuscan Guelfs, rebel against
the Emperor. (Vill. ix. 32.)

131 (Jan. 10). Cremona rebels against the Emperor and expels his Vicar. (Vill. ix. 34.)

(Jan. 11). The Emperor's deputy arrives in Pisa, and shortly after commences operations against the Florentines. (Vill. ix. 35.)

(Feb. 15). The Paduans, aided by the Florentines and Bolognese, rebel against Henry and expel his Vicar. (Vill. ix. 36.)

(March 6). Henry arrives in Pisa, on his way to Rome to be crowned. (Vill. ix. 37.) 1312 (April 23). Henry leaves Pisa and goes by way of the Maremma to Viterbo, whence he proceeds to Rome and forces an entrance(May 7). (Vill. ix. 40.)

(May). King Robert and the Guelfs of Tuscany assemble in force in Rome to oppose the coronation of the Emperor. (Vill. ix. 39.)

(June 29). Henry is crowned in St. John Lateran on the south bank of the Tiber. (Vill. ix. 43.)

(July 24). Galeazzo Visconti, aided by the Ghibellines, expels the Guelfs from Piacenza. (Vill. ix. 41.)

(Aug.). Henry arrives in Tuscany, and proceeds to Arezzo, where he makes preparations for the siege of Florence. (Vill. ix. 45.)

(Sep. 19). Henry lays siege to Florence, and remains before the city till the end of October. The Florentines receive large reinforcements from the Guelfs of Tuscany and Romagna, but will not risk an engagement. (Vill. ix. 47.)

(Oct. 31). Henry raises the siege of Florence, and encamps at San Casciano, where he remains until Jan. 6, 131}. (Vill. ix. 48.)

131 (Jan. 7-March 6). Henry encamps at Poggibonsi. (Vill. ix. 48.)

(March 9). Henry returns to Pisa, whence he issues a proclamation against Florence, depriving the city of all its dignities and privileges. (Vill. ix. 49.)

1313 (Aug. 5). Henry leaves Pisa on his way south to encounter King Robert (Vill. ix. 51); but falls ill and dies (Aug. 24) at Buonconvento near Siena (Vill. ix. 52). After the Emperor's death his army splits up, the Aretines and the Ghibellines of the Marches and of Romagna returning home, while the Pisans escort the body back to Pisa by way of the Maremma (Vill. ix. 53). The Pisans offer the lordship of their city to Frederick, King of Sicily, and others, and on their refusal to accept the office elect Uguccione della Faggiuola, Imperial Vicar in Genoa (Vill. ix. 54). The Florentines assign the lordship of their city to King Robert for 5 years (Vill. ix. 56).

131 (Feb.-March). After the departure of Uguccione della Faggiuola from Genoa, the Ghibelline party in that city splits up, and civil war ensues, one half siding with the Orii, the other with the Spinoli. The latter, being worsted, leave Genoa. (Vill. ix. 57.)

Uguccione and the Pisans make war upon the Lucchese, and compel them to receive back

the Interminelli and other exiled Ghibellines into their city. (Vill. ix. 58.) 1314 (June 14). Uguccione and the Pisans, with the help of the Interminelli and other restored Lucchese Ghibellines, suddenly capture Lucca, expel the Guelfs and King Robert's Vicar, and sack the city, carrying away with them the papal treasure. (Vill. ix. 60.)

The Florentines, alarmed at the taking of Lucca, beg King Robert to send one of his brothers with troops to their support; Robert sends his younger brother Peter, who arrives Aug. 18, and is well received by the Florentines. (Vill. ix.61.)

(Sep. 18). Victory of Can Grande della Scala over the Paduans near Vicenza. (Vill. ix. 63.)

(Sep. 28). Peace between the Aretines, and Florence, Siena, and the rest of the Guelf league of Tuscany, brought about by King Robert's brother, Peter. (Vill. ix. 64.)

Uguccione della Faggiuola and the Pisans take Montecalvi from the Florentines, and several strongholds from the Pistojans. (Vill. ix. 68.) 1315. Uguccione besieges the Florentine stronghold of Montecatini; Philip, Prince of Tarentum, King Robert's brother, arrives in Florence (July 1) in response to an appeal of the Florentines for support. (Vill. ix. 70.)

(Aug. 6). The Florentines set out with a large force, composed of the troops of King Robert's two brothers, Philip and Peter, and of the Guelfs of Tuscany and their allies, in order to relieve Montecatini, but are completely routed (Aug. 29) near that place by Uguccione and the Pisan and Lucchese forces. (Vill. ix. 71, 72.)

The Florentines carry out various reforms and fortify themselves against Uguccione. (Vill. ix. 74.) 1316. Dissensions among the Guelfs in Florence--tyranny of Ser Lando d'Agobbio. (Vill. ix. 76.)

(April). Uguccione della Faggiuola is driven out of Pisa and Lucca, and takes refuge with Can Grande della Scala at Verona. Castruccio Castracane is made lord of Lucca. (Vill. ix. 78.)

(July). The Count of Battifolle, King Robert's Vicar, arrives in Florence, and effects various reforms and tranquillizes the city. (Vill. ix. 79.) 1317 (April). At the instance of King Robert the Florentines make peace with the Pisans and Lucchese. (Vill. ix. 82.)

(Aug. 4). The Ferrarese, supported by the Marquises of Este, rise against King Robert; the former become lords of Ferrara. (Vill. ix. 85.)

(Aug.). Uguccione della Faggiuola, aided by Can Grande della Scala, makes an unsuccessful attempt to return to Pisa. (Vill. ix. 86.)

(Sep. 15). The house of d'Oria and the Ghibellines expelled from Genoa. (Vill. ix. 87 ) (Sep. 20). The Ghibellines of Lombardy, under Can Grande, besiege Cremona (Vill. ix. 88); and make an expedition against the Paduans, taking several of their strong places (Vill. ix. 89).

131 (Feb.). The Paduans make terms with Can Grande, and undertake to reinstate the Ghibellines in Padua. (Vill. ix. 89.)

(March). The exiled Genoese Ghibellines together with the Ghibellines of Lombardy besiege Genoa. (Vill. ix. 90.)

1318 (April). The Ghibellines of Lombardy, under Can Grande, take Cremona. (Vill. ix. 91.)

(July). The Genoese invite the aid of King Robert, to whom they give the lordship of their city for ten years. King Robert arrives in Genoa, and defeats the Ghibellines, compelling them to raise the siege. (Vill. ix. 93, 94, 95, 97.)

(Oct.). Dissensions in Siena between the Guelf Tolomei and the Ghibelline Salimbeni composed by the Florentines. (Vill. ix. 96.)

(Dec.). Can Grande appointed CaptainGeneral of the Ghibelline league in Lombardy. 1319 (April). King Robert departs from Genoa, whereupon the Ghibellines resume the siege. (Vill. ix. 99.)

(Aug.). Can Grande captures the suburbs of Padua. (Vill. ix. 100.)

(Oct. 10). The Guelfs of Lombardy, aided by the Florentines, regain possession of Cremona. (Vill. ix. 101.)

The exiled Ghibellines recapture sundry of the strong places of Genoa. (Vill. ix. 103.)

(Nov.). The Ghibellines, under Federico da Montefeltro, capture Spoleto, and burn 200 Guelf prisoners. (Vill. ix. 104.)

(Dec.). Marco Visconti of Milan defeats King Robert's forces at Alessandria. (Vill. ix. 102.) 1320 (April). Castruccio Castracane and the Ghi

bellines of Lucca, with the Pisans, make war upon the Florentines and take several of their strongholds. (Vill. ix. 106.)

(May 31). The Genoese Ghibellines defeated at Lerici by the Guelfs of Genoa and King Robert's troops. (Vill. ix. 107.)

Philip of Valois sent into Italy by the Pope to uphold the Guelf cause (Vill. ix. 109); he departs without accomplishing anything (Vill. ix. 110).

Genoa besieged by the Ghibellines of Lombardy aided by Castruccio and King Frederick of Sicily. King Robert sends a fleet of galleys to oppose that of Frederick. (Vill. ix. 111-114.)

The Florentines, during Càstruccio's absence at the siege of Genoa, make a raid into Lucchese territory, and force Castruccio to return home to the defence of Lucca. (Vill. ix. 115.)

(Aug.). The Ghibellines expelled from Rieti, but, aided by Sciarra Colonna, they return and expel the Guelfs. (Vill. ix. 125.)

(Aug. 25). Can Grande defeated before Padua, Uguccione della Faggiuola being killed. (Vill. ix. 121.)

Pisa reverts to the Ghibellines after the death of Gaddo de' Gherardeschi. (Vill. ix. 122.)

(Sep.). The exiled Genoese Ghibellines and King Frederick's troops make an assault on Genoa from the land side, but are repulsed by King Robert's cavalry. (Vill. ix. 116.)

(Dec. 14). The Genoese exiles capture and burn Chiaveri. (Vill. ix. 117.)

132 (Feb. 6). The Genoese exiles capture Noli. (Vill. ix. 118.)

1321. Alliance of the Florentines with Spinetta Malaspina against Castruccio Castracane; illsuccess of their operations. (Vill. ix. 127.)

(June). Revision of the Constitution in Florence. (Vill. ix. 128.)

(Sep. 14). Death of Dante at Ravenna.