The Language of Graphics: A Framework for the Analysis of Syntax and Meaning in Maps, Charts and Diagrams

analysis anchored apply approach arbitrary arbitrary-conventional arrangement aspects axes basic Bertin Chapter chart classification clustering color composite composite graphic object concepts Concerning connectors consists container context correspondence 3.1 direction discussed display distinguishes distorted elementary graphic object elements example existing figure framework grafische graphic objects graphic relations graphic representation graphic space horizontal icons ILLC illustrate integral metric space interpretation involves labels lineup linking literal literal correspondence literature marking meaning meaningful space meant metaphoric metonymic metric axis multipanel nesting Note notion object-to-object relations panels physical pictorial play positioning possible principles proportional proposed reference regarded represent Richards schema separation serves shape shown shows signs SOURCE spatial structure spatial structure 2.5 specific stand statistical subsection superimposition surface symbols syntactic roles syntactic structure syntax of spatial thesis tion type of correspondence type of graphic usually various vertical visual attributes