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14. micare: you could trust him in the dark if you were playing 'Up Jenkins'. See Becker, Games.

17. Asiadis. The Asiatic style was marked chiefly by verbosity and decorativeness. Ganymede thinks of it vaguely as a refined style, contrasting it with that of the sweating and spitting mob-orators.

31. ita meos fruniscar, 'So help me God!' (lit. 'So may I have joy of my children!').

34-8. Cf. II. 8. 9-11; VIII. 6. 115 n.

36. aut tunc aut nunquam, ‘it was a case of now or never' (cf. 39, modo sic..., 'there's ups and there's downs, as the farmer said when he lost his spotted pig !').

37. pedes lanatos: (1) 'have gouty feet', or (2) 'wear woollen slippers', i. e. ' their vengeance creeps silently upon us'.

3. ware: cf. VIII. 6. 113.

VIII § 8

6. native: because Maecenas was of Etruscan descent. Od. iii. 29. 1. 8. Vatican: the theatre of Pompey looked across from the south end of

the Campus Martius to the Janiculan and Vatican hills.

9-12. On the wines see I. 2. 7 n. The Caecubus ager was a strip of the coast of Latium, near Formiae. Cales and Falernum were in north Campania. H. mentions Sabine wine here in l. 2, 'no vintage rare'. Cf. Od. i. 31. 9; iv. 12. 14.

VIII §9

1. in Cecil's year: consule Manlio, L. Manlius Torquatus, 65 в. с.

7. our philosopher: M. Valerius Messala Corvinus, a famous soldier and man of letters. Fought against Augustus at Philippi and for him at Actium. 11. old-fashion'd saint: prisci Catonis. See VIII. 6. 91, 92.

15-16. Cf. Omar Khayyam, 43:

The Grape that can with Logic absolute
The Two-and-Seventy jarring Sects confute.

Also 25-8, ibid.

VIII § 10

2. ad assem, 'you shall pay to the last farthing'.

3. cochleae: snails, especially Greek and African, were reared by the Romans with as much care as by the French. See Horace, Sat. ii. 4. 59. A famous breed, supposed to be of Roman origin, still exists at Tunbridge Wells.

alica, 'porridge with iced mead'.

5. ferculo: a dish, or strictly, a stand to carry dishes. See the elaborate ferculum in Petronius, c. 35 (VIII. 5. 86-97).

bulbi, onions'. See Cicero, Pro Clu. 26. 72.

mille: the ordinary idiom would expect sescenta; see VII. 6. 39.

6. comoedos: cf. VIII. 5. 156; VIII. 18. 6 (copreis).

8. Aristocratic delicacies. See Horace, Sat. ii. 4. 33 and VIII. 4. 52.

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II. nusquam hilarius: cf. Catullus, VIII. 1. 9 sq.

VIII § II

5. lagunculis: see V. 7. 11; VIII. 4. 41.

8. gradatim, 'in classes' (according to station); a rare sense of the word. libertis. The position of freedmen should be noted. See line 15 and cf.

VIII. 19. 19-21.

18. illa: i. e. gula.

in ordinem redigenda: metaph. milit. 'reduce to the ranks '.

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8. esca malorum : Plato, Timaeus, 69 D ἡδονὴ κακοῦ δέλεαρ.

11. C. Duellius (or Duilius) at Mylae, north-west of Messana, 260 в. с. On the antique simplicity see II. 5, introd.

18. Clubs: sodalitates, originally social gatherings in honour of religious cults. They became formidable political institutions. Cicero, Cael. xi. 26 and Pro Plancio, pass. See the Lex Clodia, 58 в. с., and Lex Iulia, 46. Cf. IX. 3. 30 n.

19. Our Lady of Ida : see VIII. 6. 182 n., and VIII. 13. 7. 47. Cf. VIII. 3. 11.

VIII § 13

4-5. 'The miscellanies of Ateius Capito', a grammarian: fl. A. D. 14.

6. 161 в. с. See 1. 13.

7. ludis Megalensibus : see VIII. 6. 182 n.

8. dominia, 'banquets', derived from that use of dominus in VIII. 4. 93. 10. i. e. 120 asses.

11. alienigena: here a noun in apposition with vino.

12. argenti. See VIII. 6. 92 п.

13-14. ludis Romanis : see II. 3. 3 n.

17. Lucilius: C. Lucilius, the father of Roman satire, imitated by Horace. Died 103 в. с.

19. centussis: noun masc. (= centum asses).

misellus: see I. 8. 9 n. The diminutive has here a contemptuous force, as often.

27. Lex... Licinia: 103 B. c.

33. Erotopaegnia: a book of love poems by Laevius (fl. в. с. 100 ?). 35. oleribus: cf. VIII. 3. 2.

43. Lex Cornelia: в. с. 81.

51. Lex Antia: The date of this law is unknown. The story that Antius never dined out afterwards to avoid seeing the violation of his law shows the futility of all this legislation.

53. personas: people of importance, 'personages'. In the modern sense of 'person' the word is post-Augustan and rare. See VIII. 16. 2 and IX. 1. 56 n.

54. Lex Iulia: в. с. 46. See VIII. 16 on Caesar's methods of enforcing his laws.

57. repotia, -orum: drinking parties held on the day after some festive occasion, such as a wedding.

On other sumptuary laws see Dict. Ant., 'Leges Sumptuariae'.

VIII § 14

Calidorus, a young Athenian, is in love with Phoenicium, a girl belonging to Ballio, a slave-dealer, who has sold her to a military officer for 20 minae. Pseudolus (the Cheat), servant of Calidorus' father, during the course of the plot frustrates this arrangement, and delivers Phoenicium to Calidorus.

41. The Cook, a sharp knave, is bluffing the ignorant Ballio into a belief in his powers, with an imposing list of bogus condiments. He has a turn for fanciful language too ('sea-sons', Neptuni pecudes, for 'fish', 1. 46; 'Land-sharks', terrestres pecudes, 1. 47), and for mythology, see 1. 81 n.

55. demissis manibus: lit. 'with hands relaxed', 'in all haste'. In 1. 53 the Cook with pedantic precision alters the idiom to dimissis pedibus. 81. Medea, by magic, restored Jason's father, Aeson, to youth. Promising to do the same for Pelias, Jason's enemy, she induced his daughters to begin the treatment by cutting him to pieces, whereat she neglected the The Cook plays on Ballio's ignorance, leaving him to draw his own conclusions as to what kind of 'broth of a boy' he will make of him. For Medea cf. X. 15. 8.

case.

VIII § 15

16-17. Southern... Alexandrian: Campanica peristromata neque Alexandrina tappetia. The Alexandrians were famous for their weaving, particularly tapestries depicting men and animals, in which they excelled even the Babylonians.

44. tu lectisterniator: it was this man's duty to set out the couches for the banquet.

6

52. My birthday: see III. 4 for another and a different birthday party. 56. men of state. Magnufice volo me viros summos accipere, ut mihi rem esse reantur. Cf. VIII. 5. 76, 'some real gentlemen' (multo honestiores). 70. set at liberty: quae capiti operam det, i. e. attends to her work to save money and earn her independence (caput).

115. Dirce: Lycus, king of Thebes, married Dirce, having divorced Antiope. Zethus and Amphion, Antiope's sons by Zeus, thereupon slew Lycus and tied Dirce to a wild bull.

VIII § 16

Julius Caesar's law is referred to by Cicero, ad Fam. vii. 26; ix. 15. Cf. VIII. 13. 54.

2. personis : see VIII. 13. 53.

3. dispositis...custodibus. For another method of enforcing such laws see Macrobius, Sat. iii. 17, 'ut patentibus ianuis pransitaretur et cenitaretur, sic oculis civium testibus factis luxuriae modus fieret. Prima autem omnium de cenis lex ad populum Orchia pervenit.' (Catone censore, 181 в. с.)

1. Marci Catonis: sc. dictum.

VIII § 17

3. G. Oppius: a friend of Caesar. See Cicero, ad Att. iv. 16. 14.

5. conditum: see VIII. 4. 69.

6. appetisse, 'helped himself'.

VIII § 18

3. recipiebatur, 'he found a place '.

5. ossibus, 'stones'.

6. copreae, 'court jesters'.

VIII § 19

3. Philippus: L. Marcius Philippus, stepfather of Octavian.

Christmas Eve: Secundis Saturnalibus, 18th December. See II. 4.

126 п.

10. Balbus: see Cic. ad Fam. vii. 5. 2; and pro Balbo, pass.; Suet.

Iul. 78.

12. Mamurra: see Catullus, 29 and 57.

14. ἐμετικὴν agebat: implies that Caesar was undergoing a course of dietetic. Cf. VIII. 17.

18-20. Cf. VIII. 11. 5 sq.

28. logement : ἐπισταθμείαν ; implies the quartering of troops.

IX § I

Tullia: see I. 5. 32. She died in childbirth at the age of 30. 12-18. How far this antique patrician virtue, the larger pietas towards one's country (see VII. 4. 34-8), instanced in so many Roman stories (e. g. of Horatius, the Decii, Torquatus) and reflected in the whole of Virgil's

Aeneid, was a working principle of daily life is an interesting problem. See IX. 2. 13-16 and 21-38.

40. Aegina: lost its independence to Athens 456 в. с.

Megara: destroyed by Demetrius Poliorcetes, 307 в. с.

Piraeus: ruined during the Mithridatic war.

41. Corinth: destroyed by Mummius, 146 в. с.; restored by Julius

Caesar; see Plut. Caes. 57.

49-54. Cf. IX. 8. 120 n.

56. your part: persona. See VIII. 13. 53 n.

59. distinguished men : C. Piso, Furius Crassipes, P. Dolabella.

70. Sulpicius is not confident of life after death. See IX. 6. 66 n. and

IX. 8 n.

76-9. The Caesarians may think that you are mourning for the loss of the free republic.

90. Servius Sulpicius Rufus, consul for 51 B. c., an eminent and just lawyer, but no politician.

IX § 2

Astura: a river and town in Latium, near which Cicero had a villa. 6. Servius tuus: Sulpicius' son.

16. Q. Maximus: the great Cunctator of the second Punic War.

17. L. Paullus: son of the Paullus who fell at Cannae. Defeated Perseus at Pydna, 168 в. с. De Sen. 19. 68.

18. vester Gallus : C. Sulpicius (hence the complimentary vester) Gallus, fought under Paulus against Perseus. Consul 166 в. с.

21-38. see IX. 1. 12 n.

36. domo absum: Tullia appears to have lived with her father in his house in Rome for some time.

41. adventum: from your province of Asia. See IX. 1. 38 and 87.

43. ante: before the return of Caesar (unius, 1. 54) from Spain.

IX § 3

3. Veneris Genetrix: the Temple of Venus (his ancestress) was dedicated

by Caesar in 45 B. c. in the Forum Iulium. Lanc. iii. 51, p. 302.

4. lectus eburneus: see VIII. 6. 121-32.

9. M. Pacuvius: dramatist, nephew of Ennius. Ob. 132 в. с.

10. men = mene. Cf. viden, IV. 5. 1; ain, ibid. 3; recten, VII. 5. 6; censen, VII. 6. 34; tun, VII. 6. 44.

16. honoribus functi: ex-magistrates.

18. duo quidam: for such marvels cf. the prodigies before Caesar's murder and the apparition at the Rubicon, Sueton. Iul. 32. Also II. 8. 21. ad donum = ut donarent. Note use of ad, and cf. in, X. 15. 3 n.

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