:

clause indicates any final cause, design or purpose, and might be rendered by a supine, by ut or ad, then qui may be elegantly used: as He sent embassadors.to sue for peace; misit legatos qui pacem peterent.

EXAMPLE.

1. He sent certain men to bring him to town.

2. Then Romulus by the advice of the Fathers sent Embassadors to the neighboring states to solicit the friendship and connubial alliances with this newly established people. 3. I did not give you money to use at your pleasure. 4. He further enjoined them to send spies into all parts to learn the designs and motions of their enemies.

5. As he could not assault the place by covert ways, he or dered the engines to be ready, to assault it by open force.

6. I gave you those books to send to your brother. (This might also be elegantly rendered by the participle future passive.)

And in many other instances it is used for the English infinitive, where the sense will easily admit of it.

EXAMPLES.

1. As a calm at sea is understood, when the least breath of wind does not stir the waves; so is the quiet and peaceful state of the mind beheld, when there is no passion to discompose it.

2. They have no clocks to distinguish hours, nor miles to show the distance of places.

3. My drift is not to take away the army from Pompey, and keep it myself, which yet were no difficult matter for me to do; but that he may not have it to use against me.

4. Cæsar does us wrong to lessen our tributes by his coming.

In sentences which admit of a transposition, without creating any obscurity, it is very elegant to put the relative qui, quæ, quod, and its compounds, before the antecedent, in the beginning of the sentence; as quam mecum colis amicitiam, multi laudant: and to give greater force or stress to the sense, and in order to form a stronger connexion between the relative and the antecedent, the pronouns is, hic, idem, &c. are elegantly placed before the second member of the sentence; as quem deus misiť, ei non creditis, whom God hath sent, him ye believe not.

EXAMPLES.

1. We commonly say that those men are always asleep, who in our opinion are indifferent and careless about every thing. (Quos putamus.)

2. Nothing can be more foolish than those, who, in a free city, behave themselves in an audacious and alarming man

ner.

3. Let every man exercise himself in the profession, which he knows!

4. Whatever change of manners takes place in princes will soon pass into the people.

*5. What! did not those men destroy every vestige of religion, who asserted that the opinion we entertain of the immortal Gods was artfully inculcated by some wise men from motives of state policy; that religion might lead those men to the performance of their duty, whom no principle of reason could influence.

*6. For certainly no one invested with supreme power and authority, would (unless he was moved by the persuasion of sublime and enchanting oratory,) so far condescend to listen to justice, without a violent effort on his part, as to suffer himself to be put on a level with those whom he possessed such means of excelling; and of his own free will to depart from those delightful habits, which must already, from their antiquity, have obtained the force of nature.

7. Drops of crimson blood distil and stain the earth with gore from the tree, which I tore from the soil, having first broken its roots asunder.

8. The same land shall receive you returning thither in its fertile bosom, which first brought you forth the race of mighty

ancestors.

9. For every one after the loss of life covered with his body that spot of ground, which he had chosen and occupied in the engagement when alive.

10. Those monuments, which he had erected to his fame by the greatness of his genius and learning, lived many ages after him; and even afterwards, when a thick and impenetrable cloud had almost entirely extinguished the light of sciences, they were indeed erased from the sight of men, but they left in the minds of the learned an incredible regret and sorrow for their loss.

When the relative in the beginning of a sentence is used for hoc, id, &c. and serves as a connexion to what goes before, then it must always be placed the first word.

EXAMPLES.

1. When cranes traverse the seas in search of warmer climates, they are observed to form the figure of a triangle. Those at the base, nestle their necks and heads in the back of those, that fly before them. Since the leader himself cannot do this, because he has nothing, by which he may support himself, he flies back that he may also in his turn rest himself and one of those that have rested succeed to his place. This mutual succession is preserved during their whole flight.

Est, sunt, erit, &c. elegantly admit the relative qui, quæ, quod, with the omission of the an

tecedent aliquis quoddam, &c. followed by an in

dicative or a subjunctive; as,

Est de quo tibi gratulor.

EXAMPLES.

1. There is some one to whom you can give these letters.

2. You have what to write, in these eventful times.

3. There were some men at that time who said Cicero did

not deserve so highly of his country.

4. There are some men whose delight is to follow the camp, and to encounter the dangers of war.

The omission of the antecedent is also elegant, where it may be easily inferred from the sense of the subject; as,

You have one, or, a friend, who wishes you

well:

Habes, qui tibi bene cupiat.

EXAMPLES.

1. He sent men or servants, to invite all his friends to sup

per.

2. Sciences are soon acquired, if you have a master who can teach them with diligence and faithfulness.

(This rule may be referred to the former.)

4

The pronoun is, or ille, is oftener understood before the relative qui, quæ, quod.

EXAMPLES.

1. He who despises riches, is a wise man.

2. But if we retreat through fear and consternation, these same circumstances will be adverse to us; neither the advantage of situation, nor the number of allies, will be able to protect him, whom arms could not protect.

The relatives qualis, quantus, quot, are elegantly placed before the antecedents, talis, tantus, tot; and the relative adverbs quantò ubi, quò, quàm, quamdiù quoties, before tantò, ibi, hoc, or eò, tam, tamdiù, toties; as,

Atlas was made as great a mountain, as he

was a man:

Quantus erat, tantus mons factus Atlas.

EXAMPLES.

1. Citizens usually conform themselves to the example of those, who govern the state. (Say, such as those, who govern the state, such are usually citizens.)

2. There are almost as many different kinds of speaking, as there are orators.

3. The more elevated we are in rank, the more submissive should we behave ourselves.

4. As long as the life of Crassus was harrassed by the toils and intrigues of ambition, so long did he receive greater renown from his private actions and greatness of mind, than profit or glory from the power and dignity of the

state.

*3. Spurius Cavilius having contracted a lameness from a wound, which he had received in the service of his country, and being ashamed on that account to appear abroad, his mother said to him, Why do you not show yourself before the public, my dear Spurius, that as many steps as you take, the mind may be struck with the remembrance of so many virtues?

For omnis qui, and omnia quæ, it is often much better, as it is more concise, to put quicunque, quisquis, and quidquid.